I’m having a rough time finding any condition which can be directly tied to neuron dysfunction rather than glial dysfunction.
Dementias at this point are pretty clearly glial, there are no viruses I’m aware of that preferentially select neurons, demyelinating conditions are about as obviously astrocytic in origin as it gets.
If we step back and just look at mechanics without assuming one feeds the other, are there any neurological conditions which only involve neurons?
Edit: Maybe Spina Bifidas? Not sure that’s the same thing though.