If “ADHD” is a product of “too many valence updates, for the rate of salience updates, while “OCD” would be not enough valence updates, for the rate of salience updates. Interesting. Too many valence updates effectively “blocks” salience from updating valence, or so many salience updates it blocks valence from updating the salience model.
This might be consistent with the ACE effect with regard to “ADHD”, we’re seeing the cells bias up valence and bias down salience (“stop and pay attention”) during the critical period.
An interesting side effect of this process is that since valence updates from the various functional regions are asynchronous, long periods between salience pulses makes sequentiality messy in “ADHD” and the short pulses make sequentiality overwhelming in “OCD”. Literally, “ADHD” is “messy thinking”, “OCD” would be “rigid” thinking? Subtract “social” and you get “general autism phenotype” and “Asperger’s”?
Lets assume that system processing error state is a function of the difference between expected goal state and actual state. This is what kicks an error. Under this model, this would make “ADHD” individuals *less* sensitive to “personal” error and “OCD” *more* sensitive to “personal” error. Because of this, we should be able to see the effect of this in adults in the error processing centers (putamen/globes). What I need to do is see if any imaging has been done recently on these areas (or any morphology analysis) as this effect should create a clear differential between the “internal” and “external” sections of the putamen for instance.
Imbalance between the caudate and putamen connectivity in obsessive–compulsive disorder – This suggests a hot globes internal -> putamen internal -> caudate circuit, which is consistent with model expectations. Damnit, this was the very first article I found.
Dorsal striatal functional connectivity and repetitive behaviour dimensions in children and youth with neurodevelopmental disorders – Not super relevant wrong, but funny that they take a such a long way around saying the the diagnostic process for “ADHD”, “OCD”, and “Autism” is decoupled from the actual physiology (which all looks mostly the same to them).
Error-related brain activity associated with obsessive–compulsive symptoms in youth – This implies the dorsal (external) error response is inverse of symptom strength. Heh, that’s actually consistent with the above, which implicates OCD with a hot ventral/internal circuit. We may have something here.
The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cerebellum in reduction of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder – This is the first time I’ve seen a reference to an electrode placement marker for the cerebellum (ay ay), they are calling it O1, O2.
Diffusion-Weighted MRI Findings of Caudate Nucleus and Putamen in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder – Found no differences, but it’s also a Cureus paper – which has a lot of really sketchy shit. It was also done on a straight potato imager (only 1.5T).
Symptom provocation in obsessive–compulsive disorder: A voxel-based meta-analysis and meta-analytic connectivity modeling – This is consistent with expectations but the methodology was junk and the discussion even worse. Probably just as much salt on this as the Cureus article.
Spontaneous neural activity in the right fusiform gyrus and putamen is associated with consummatory anhedonia in obsessive compulsive disorder – First time I’ve seen consummatory/anticipatory anhedonia used outside of the “schizophrenia” context. Sad though, this study reads exactly like it was results driven rather than data driven.
Imbalance between the caudate and putamen connectivity in obsessive–compulsive disorder – More hot ventral connection.
Associations of medication with subcortical morphology across the lifespan in OCD: Results from the international ENIGMA Consortium – Nightmare fuel, but not something we didn’t already know. Chronic psychiatric medication does more harm than good longitudinally.
Shape analysis of subcortical structures in obsessive-compulsive disorder and the relationship with comorbid anxiety, depression, and medication use: A meta-analysis by the OCD Brain Imaging Consortium – More drugs are bad news, but this is interesting because they broke out anxiety and depression separately. Overall this study suggests that “OCD” is upstream of the putamen/globes and that depression/anxiety are error responses to that. So maybe closer to the cerebellum/brainstem after all.
Neurobiological outcomes of cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review – This suggests decreased cerebellar activity, so the tDCS study gets a point.
Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial – Another non-specific on the top line, but weird that it showed greater connectivity in the putamen with decreased symptoms. That’s contrary to everything else.
Mechanisms of imbalanced frontostriatal functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder – Something feels mushy about this one even though it largely agrees with most of the above. This pushes the influence point back from the striatum to the NAcc, but doesn’t explicitly look at internal vs external NAcc.
Aberrant Effective Connectivity of the Ventral Putamen in Boys With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder – Friends, I think the model might have won this one. Holy crap.
Gray matter volumetric correlates of attention deficit and hyperactivity traits in emerging adolescents – They just had to shit this up with the stupid heritability stuff. But wow, so far even more consistent than the OCD side.
Gray Matter Network Associated With Attention in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder – Man, my only significant quibble with this is they didn’t validate the data set they used, but geez. This is probably it. I honestly wasn’t expecting this to be quite so consistent.
Distinct brain structural abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders: A comparative meta-analysis – tl;dr “Substance Use Disorder” looks a LOT more like OCD than ADHD.
Three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging shows cerebral blood flow perfusion decline in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder children – Pushes it back to at least the globes for ADHD.
Effects of prenatal exposure to maternal diabetes mellitus on deep grey matter structures and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children – Is this herding following? So weirdly consistent. I think I’ve seen enough though to weight this up.